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善待少女的生理变化
青春期的少女常发生阶段性心理障碍,导致这种情况的原因大致有以下几个方面:
1青春期生理变化带来不适应
女孩子到了十二三岁之后就会出现月经初潮,她们往往对这一突然来临的生理现象感到莫名其妙,不知所措,昔日那平静的心理一旦被打破,注意力就被分散。
2月经期内分泌变化导致情绪改变
不少少女由于内分泌功能还未完善,体内雌激素和孕激素分泌不平衡,常常伴随着月经出现周期性情绪变化,如烦躁、易怒、紧张、恐惧、焦虑、抑郁等,有的还伴有头痛、腰酸背痛、腹胀腹痛、困倦嗜睡、乳房胀痛、清度浮肿及全身不适等躯体反应。这种情况多数发生在月经前7——14天,经前2——3天加重,行经后则减轻或消失,因而称之为“经前期紧张症”。
3角色期待及外部评价对他们造成负影响
据调查发现,女中学生中有40%左右感到月经期间根本学不进去,90%认为月经对学习存在不同程度的影响。部分老师和家长往往难以理解着一点,常常批评她们“懒”、“不认真”、“退步了”、或叹息“女孩子到了这个年龄就总是读不上去了”,因而采取更严厉的措施。管教与反管教,往往双方相持不下,关系便越来越紧张。
上述诸因素常常互为因果,交互影响。这使她们的心理压力越来越大,形成恶性循环,甚至因此导致神经症或诱发精神异常。因此,作为父母,首先要理解女儿的这些生理心理变化,及由此而导致的成绩下降和情绪反常,要与她们谈心,进行心理疏导,减轻她们的思想负担;第二,要向她们介绍一些青春期生理卫生知识,使她们明白月经是怎么回事,该怎么办,帮助她们消除恐惧感和无助感;再者,最好同老师取得联系,使其亦能理解少女的这些变化,不加以责怪、埋怨、帮助她们顺利度过这一关。如果症状严重,对生活、学习影响较大者,则应去找
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